torhte in Middle English

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Etymology: From Old English torht, from Proto-Germanic *turhtaz, from pre-Germanic *dr̥ḱtos, originally a past participle from Proto-Indo-European *derḱ- (“to see”). Etymology templates: {{der|enm|ang|torht}} Old English torht, {{der|enm|gem-pro|*turhtaz}} Proto-Germanic *turhtaz, {{der|enm|ine-pro|*derḱ-||to see}} Proto-Indo-European *derḱ- (“to see”) Head templates: {{head|enm|adjective}} torhte

[Show JSON for postprocessed kaikki.org data shown on this page ▼] [Hide JSON for postprocessed kaikki.org data shown on this page ▲]

{
  "etymology_templates": [
    {
      "args": {
        "1": "enm",
        "2": "ang",
        "3": "torht"
      },
      "expansion": "Old English torht",
      "name": "der"
    },
    {
      "args": {
        "1": "enm",
        "2": "gem-pro",
        "3": "*turhtaz"
      },
      "expansion": "Proto-Germanic *turhtaz",
      "name": "der"
    },
    {
      "args": {
        "1": "enm",
        "2": "ine-pro",
        "3": "*derḱ-",
        "4": "",
        "5": "to see"
      },
      "expansion": "Proto-Indo-European *derḱ- (“to see”)",
      "name": "der"
    }
  ],
  "etymology_text": "From Old English torht, from Proto-Germanic *turhtaz, from pre-Germanic *dr̥ḱtos, originally a past participle from Proto-Indo-European *derḱ- (“to see”).",
  "head_templates": [
    {
      "args": {
        "1": "enm",
        "2": "adjective"
      },
      "expansion": "torhte",
      "name": "head"
    }
  ],
  "lang": "Middle English",
  "lang_code": "enm",
  "pos": "adj",
  "senses": [
    {
      "categories": [
        {
          "kind": "other",
          "name": "Middle English entries with incorrect language header",
          "parents": [],
          "source": "w"
        },
        {
          "kind": "other",
          "name": "Pages with 2 entries",
          "parents": [],
          "source": "w"
        },
        {
          "kind": "other",
          "name": "Pages with entries",
          "parents": [],
          "source": "w"
        },
        {
          "_dis": "17 19 15 15 16 18",
          "kind": "other",
          "name": "Old English entries with incorrect language header",
          "parents": [],
          "source": "w+disamb"
        },
        {
          "_dis": "86 4 1 1 3 4",
          "kind": "other",
          "name": "Pages with 2 entries",
          "parents": [],
          "source": "w+disamb"
        },
        {
          "_dis": "89 3 1 1 3 3",
          "kind": "other",
          "name": "Pages with entries",
          "parents": [],
          "source": "w+disamb"
        }
      ],
      "glosses": [
        "bright, shining, radiant"
      ],
      "id": "en-torhte-enm-adj-tvWJXDx8",
      "links": [
        [
          "bright",
          "bright"
        ],
        [
          "shining",
          "shining"
        ],
        [
          "radiant",
          "radiant"
        ]
      ]
    }
  ],
  "word": "torhte"
}

[Show JSON for raw wiktextract data ▼] [Hide JSON for raw wiktextract data ▲]

{
  "categories": [
    "Old English adjective forms",
    "Old English entries with incorrect language header",
    "Old English non-lemma forms",
    "Old English terms with IPA pronunciation",
    "Pages with 2 entries",
    "Pages with entries"
  ],
  "etymology_templates": [
    {
      "args": {
        "1": "enm",
        "2": "ang",
        "3": "torht"
      },
      "expansion": "Old English torht",
      "name": "der"
    },
    {
      "args": {
        "1": "enm",
        "2": "gem-pro",
        "3": "*turhtaz"
      },
      "expansion": "Proto-Germanic *turhtaz",
      "name": "der"
    },
    {
      "args": {
        "1": "enm",
        "2": "ine-pro",
        "3": "*derḱ-",
        "4": "",
        "5": "to see"
      },
      "expansion": "Proto-Indo-European *derḱ- (“to see”)",
      "name": "der"
    }
  ],
  "etymology_text": "From Old English torht, from Proto-Germanic *turhtaz, from pre-Germanic *dr̥ḱtos, originally a past participle from Proto-Indo-European *derḱ- (“to see”).",
  "head_templates": [
    {
      "args": {
        "1": "enm",
        "2": "adjective"
      },
      "expansion": "torhte",
      "name": "head"
    }
  ],
  "lang": "Middle English",
  "lang_code": "enm",
  "pos": "adj",
  "senses": [
    {
      "categories": [
        "Middle English adjectives",
        "Middle English entries with incorrect language header",
        "Middle English lemmas",
        "Middle English terms derived from Old English",
        "Middle English terms derived from Proto-Germanic",
        "Middle English terms derived from Proto-Indo-European",
        "Pages with 2 entries",
        "Pages with entries"
      ],
      "glosses": [
        "bright, shining, radiant"
      ],
      "links": [
        [
          "bright",
          "bright"
        ],
        [
          "shining",
          "shining"
        ],
        [
          "radiant",
          "radiant"
        ]
      ]
    }
  ],
  "word": "torhte"
}

This page is a part of the kaikki.org machine-readable Middle English dictionary. This dictionary is based on structured data extracted on 2026-09-09 from the enwiktionary dump dated 2026-09-02 using wiktextract (ccec6f1 and 4deed51). The data shown on this site has been post-processed and various details (e.g., extra categories) removed, some information disambiguated, and additional data merged from other sources. See the raw data download page for the unprocessed wiktextract data.

If you use this data in academic research, please cite Tatu Ylonen: Wiktextract: Wiktionary as Machine-Readable Structured Data, Proceedings of the 13th Conference on Language Resources and Evaluation (LREC), pp. 1317-1325, Marseille, 20-25 June 2022. Linking to the relevant page(s) under https://kaikki.org would also be greatly appreciated.

"torhte" meaning in Middle English

Adjective